by Leah Young, MSW
As Fortnite's dance-emoting avatars flood screens worldwide, a new concern has emerged among parents: When does gaming cross the line from a fun pastime to a problematic behavior? Understanding this shift is crucial, especially when considering the impact of games like Fortnite on young, developing brains.
The Dopamine Trap
Fortnite isn't just another video game—it's a carefully engineered experience designed to keep players hooked. Central to this addiction is the brain's dopamine system. Dopamine, often called the "feel-good" neurotransmitter, is released during pleasurable activities, reinforcing the desire to repeat them. In gaming, especially with Fortnite, this reward system is exploited through intermittent reinforcement—a technique where rewards are given unpredictably, making them more enticing and keeping players engaged.
When a player wins a match or achieves a milestone in Fortnite, their brain releases a surge of dopamine. But unlike predictable rewards, these victories are spaced out, creating a cycle of anticipation and craving. This setup is akin to the reward patterns seen in gambling, where the thrill of an unpredictable win keeps people playing despite mounting losses.
Fortnite's Grip on the Brain
The addictive nature of Fortnite can be so strong that it's been compared to substances like heroin. While this comparison might seem extreme, the underlying mechanism of addiction—manipulating the brain's reward system—is strikingly similar. The game's structure encourages players to keep playing "just one more match," even when it interferes with other life responsibilities, from schoolwork to family time.
Moreover, as highlighted by experts, the constant pursuit of the next dopamine hit can lead to what is known as Internet and Video Game Use Disorder (IVGUD). This condition mirrors traditional addiction behaviors, including impaired control over gaming, prioritizing it over other activities, and continuing to game despite negative consequences. For young people, whose brains are still developing, the impact can be profound, potentially setting the stage for long-term behavioral issues.
Spotting the Warning Signs
Parents need to be vigilant about the warning signs of problematic gaming. Changes in behavior, such as spending more money on in-game purchases, a noticeable decline in academic activities or social activities can all signal an emerging issue. As with any addiction, early intervention is key to preventing more serious consequences.
Taking Action
Fortunately, there are steps parents can take to manage and mitigate the risks associated with gaming. Dr. Nancy M. Petry's book, Pause and Reset: A Parent's Guide to Preventing and Overcoming Problems with Gaming, offers valuable strategies for helping children find a healthier balance. This includes setting clear boundaries, such as limiting screen time and ensuring that gaming does not interfere with sleep, school, or physical activity.
In more severe cases, where gaming has become a dominant force in a child's life, it may be necessary to seek professional help. Treatment options can range from digital detox programs to therapy aimed at re-establishing healthy dopamine production and reintroducing appropriate use of technology.
Finding Balance
In our increasingly digital world, the goal isn't to eliminate gaming but to ensure it remains a healthy, balanced part of life. By understanding how games like Fortnite can hack the brain's reward system and being proactive in managing gaming habits, parents can help their children enjoy the benefits of gaming without falling into the trap of addiction.
Final Thoughts
As gaming continues to evolve, so too must our approach to understanding and managing its effects. By staying informed and engaged, parents can help their children navigate the digital world safely and responsibly.
Gandolfi, E., Ferdig, R. E., Krause, K., Soyturk, I., Morris, G., & Delahanty, S. (2023). An exploration of why gaming communities may make younger and non-normative gamers vulnerable to Internet Gaming Disorder. New Media & Society, 0(0). https://doi-org.library.capella.edu/10.1177/14614448231215348
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